The Treatment for Abdominal Pain?
a) atropine
b) pilocarpine
c) paregoric
d) dexamethasone
e) placebo (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
Anticholinergics such as atropine and scopolamine may be used to treat abdominal pain due to ileus, but they should not be given without concomitant opiate analgesia; methyl-scopolamine (aka hyoscine hydrobromide or Buscopan® solution for injection 10mg/mL), an anticholinergic can be given along with opiates to treat abdominal pain due to ileus.
Pilocarpine is used in the treatment of xerostomia, not abdominal pain. In addition, paregoric may be used as an adjunct to opiate analgesia to relieve symptoms such as diarrhea and cramping due to ileus.
Dexamethasone is a potent anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid that may be used to treat intestinal obstruction or perforation from toxic megacolon. It should not be used without opiate analgesia. Antispasmodics such as atropine and hyoscyamine are not adequate for the treatment of abdominal pain associated with ileus.
Pain in lower abdomen female:
pain in the lower abdomen is the pain that arises within the pelvic region, in the small pelvis concerning women. The most significant difference with abdominal pain in men is that it tends to be more localized than circulatory and is not accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea. This type of pain occurs when pathological conditions affect ovarian cyst, this type of cup, endometrium (lining of the uterus), ovaries, fallopian tubes, or even bladder.
In addition, other types of tumors may cause this type of excruciating pain, very acute and sudden onset. This discomfort can also arise from appendicitis, infections, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, and irritable bowel syndrome. These areas should be examined according to various symptoms that will be discussed further.
Pain in lower abdomen female early pregnancy:
pain in the lower abdomen due to early pregnancy is associated with the pain of uterine contractions, which are designed to facilitate dilation and allow the passage of the baby and during childbirth. This type of pain that arises suddenly is an indication that should not be neglected or delayed consulting a doctor to avoid complications resulting from this condition.
Pain in the lower abdomen female after ovulation:
Stress in the lower abdomen after ovulation on one side of your body can appear without warning. The abdominal area may feel tight and painful when breathing profoundly or moving slightly forward. This abdominal discomfort lasts for about 30 minutes and can happen at any time during your menstrual cycle.
Antibiotics for abdominal pain:
Pain in the lower abdomen due to chlamydia most commonly occurs between four and twenty-eight days after exposure. Pain can last for up to six weeks, even though symptoms tend to subside quickly with treatment.
Treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease aims to reduce pain, prevent complications, and cure infections that cause PID. The following are common medications used to treat PID:
(1) antibiotics (drugs that kill bacteria):
Some of the most common antibiotics used to treat PID include levofloxacin (Levaquin), ofloxacin (Floxin), cefoxitin (Mefoxin), moxifloxacinox (Avel), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra).
Pain in the lower abdomen due to bladder infection:
Painting in the lower abdomen due to bladder infection is a feeling of pressure or cramping above the pubic bone. The pain can radiate from your lower back into your hips, thighs, or even down the back of one leg. Sometimes these symptoms will appear before other urinary tract infections symptoms such as a burning sensation when urinating or a frequent need to go. This type of pain may also be associated with fever, nausea, vomiting, and chills.
Diagnosis of abdominal pain female:
Abdominal pain diagnosis depends on various factors such as the location of pain, onset and development time, associated symptoms, medical history including previous abdominal surgery or pregnancy, etc.
The best medicine for stomach pain:
Antibiotics (drugs that kill bacteria):
Abdominal pain due to an ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg cannot enter the uterus and instead attaches itself to another location, such as one of your fallopian tubes. This is a hazardous type of abdominal pain because it can cause internal bleeding and organ damage.
Abdominal pain treatment may involve surgery if you don’t respond well to medication or other medicines. Harmful conditions that could develop from this condition include tube loss, infertility, and even death in severe cases.
Pain in lower abdomen female after intercourse:
Pain in the lower abdomen after intercourse is usually associated with pressure or cramping. It can be felt anywhere from the vaginal area to the lower back and may radiate down one of your legs.
Pain in the lower abdomen female due to hormone:
triggering pain in your lower abdomen can cause painful periods (dysmenorrhea), endometriosis, ovarian cysts, adenomyosis, perimenopause (the transition into menopause), uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and others.
Sometimes these symptoms will appear before other period-related symptoms such as menstrual cramps. For example, suppose you are suffering from any pain during menstruation. In that case, you should consult a doctor immediately for advice on alleviating it appropriately so that it does not cause any further damage.
Pain in the lower abdomen due to ovarian cyst:
Ovarian pain is a sensation of pressure or cramping that can be felt anywhere from the pelvic area to your lower back. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, headaches, and changes in your appetite. This type of abdominal pain may also come along with irregular menstrual cycles or fertility problems.
Causes of abdominal pain:
abdominal pain causes can be related to specific conditions, medical history, age, and lifestyle. Most often, the reason is unknown (idiopathic). Causes of abdominal pain include:
Infections or inflammation:
infection in the digestive system (gastroenteritis), acute pancreatitis, hepatitis B, appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease.
Inflammation of the pancreas occurs when enzymes and proteins flood into the tissues due to blockage of the pancreatic ducts; symptoms include severe abdominal pain radiating towards the back; nausea; vomiting; possible jaundice.
Inflammatory condition of the pancreas caused by cysts that contain large amounts of digestive enzymes. Symptoms may include severe upper abdominal pain radiating towards the back, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.
Inflammation of a bile duct due to bacterial infection or gallstones blocking the flow of bile from the liver into the intestine; symptoms include sudden intense episodes of abdominal pain; yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice); dark urine; fever; vomiting; diarrhea or constipation.
inflammation causes:
infection in your colon (colitis), diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), Crohn’s disease, intestinal obstruction
Inflammation in the tissues of your colon. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation.
Inflammation in the tissue of your liver that may cause abdominal pain; dark urine; jaundice (yellowing of your skin and eyes); stomach upset; light-colored stools.
Nervous system problems:
abdominal pain due to nervous system problems usually results from a spinal cord injury or disease that affects the brain’s nerve signals and other areas of the body. This can lead to sudden sharp or dull pain anywhere from one side of your mid-back up to your neck, shoulders, ribs, hips, or legs, depending on where nerves are being compressed at the time.
The most common cause of abdominal pain due to nervous system problems is a herniated disk in the spine which can put pressure on and irritate spinal nerves.
Abdomen ache causes due to bladder:
abdominal pain can be caused by bladder conditions such as infection, stones or tumors in your urinary tract, kidney stones, overactivity of the bladder muscle (detrusor) leading to sudden urges to urinate, interstitial cystitis (IC), and others.
A kidney stone forms from excessive amounts of calcium or oxalate in your urine; symptoms include severe pain that begins suddenly and may shoot down into one or both legs; nausea, vomiting; possible blood in the urine.
Inflammation of the urethra (the tube that empties urine from your bladder to the outside). Symptoms include burning pain as urine flows out; painful urination.
Inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized organ below a man’s bladder that helps make semen and fluid that carries sperm. Symptoms may include abdominal or back pain, blood in semen or urine, frequent need to urinate, discomfort during sex.
Esophagus problems:
esophagus pain due to gallbladder:
this is caused by the hardening of the tissues lining the bile ducts, which lead from the liver into the intestine. Symptoms include severe upper right abdomen radiating towards shoulder blade; nausea; vomiting; jaundice.
Inflammation of the bile ducts is caused by a blockage in the liver or gallbladder following a viral infection or surgery to remove the gallbladder. Symptoms include intense pain on the right side of your abdomen that may reach your shoulder and last more than two hours after you eat a meal; dry mouth; puffy eyes or eyelids; darkening of the color of the stool as well as light-colored stools).
Inflammation causes:
gallstones blocking your bile ducts which lead from your liver into your intestine, may cause severe pain on the right side of the stomach that lasts for more than two hours after eating. Other symptoms can include dry mouth, puffy eyes, darkening of stool color or light-colored stools), fever, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
Inflammation in your esophagus due to a chemical burn from swallowing lye (sodium hydroxide). Symptoms include burning chest pain that worsens when you consume anything warm or hot; drooling; chest pain that worsens when you breathe deeply.
Inflammation of your esophagus is caused by acid reflux disease. Symptoms include swollen glands in your neck and throat; painful swallowing; heartburn with regurgitation of food or sour liquid)
Blood vessel problems:
a blood clot is blocking an artery in your arm or leg which can cause severe pain, swelling, warmth, or redness in the affected arm or leg.
Inflammation of the blood vessels due to an infection may lead to ulcers on your skin or gangrene, the death of body tissue. Symptoms include skin ulcers with a black base; blisters and sores that won’t heal; swollen lymph nodes (glands); increased temperature and pulse rate: increased risk for infections.
Inflammation of arteries is caused by autoimmune disorders such as lupus erythematosus. Symptoms include a rash on arms and legs, especially over bony areas; joint pain lasting more than three weeks; Raynaud’s syndrome, which causes painful numbness and tingling in fingers and toes in response to cold or stress.
inflammation of veins caused by autoimmune disorders such as lupus erythematosus) Symptoms include a rash on the arms and legs, especially over bony areas, joint pain lasting more than three weeks, Raynaud’s syndrome, which causes painful numbness and tingling in fingers and toes in response to cold or stress.