Anorexia, Starvation Or a Diet Too Low In Carbohydrates Indicates Which Condition?
a) Anorexia nervosa
b) Bulimia Nervosa
c) Diabetes Mellitus
d) None of the above
Ans:-C. None of the above.
Explanation:
Anorexia is an eating disorder in which one starves themself. In contrast, diabetes is a metabolic disease in which the body fails to produce or properly utilize insulin, leading to abnormally high glucose levels in the blood.
A person with bulimia nervosa obsessively eats large amounts of food during short periods while at the same time forcing themself to vomit it back. Thus, an individual affected by diabetes will not starve themself but always crave carbohydrates. A bulimic won’t starve themself but always engage in binge eating (junk food).
Excessive calcium ingestion and low water intake can lead to which condition:
1) Calcium oxalate kidney stones
2) Hypocalcaemia
3) Hypercalcemia
4) Minerals imbalance in the body.
The answer: 1) Calcium oxalate kidney stones.
Excessive calcium ingestion and low water intake can lead to calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys, which is a painful condition requiring immediate medical attention. Other minerals like uric acid, cystine, and struvite stones may also be formed by such conditions (in the absence of adequate water). Calcium nephropathy is another potential severe side effect due to excessive calcium excretion in the urine.
Candida albicans and e coli are which type of abnormal constituents of urine:
1) Crystals
2) Bacteria
3) Tumor cells
4) Cancerous cells.
The answer:
1) Crystals.
Abnormal constituents of urine can be crystals or sediment, which may indicate kidney stones or urinary tract infections. Infection with Candida albicans and E coli are also conditions that can cause abnormal constituents of urine. Other abnormal constituents include cancerous cells, tumor cells, and bacteria.
Hypercalcemia is a medical condition:
1) Caused by excessive calcium ingestion from multivitamin supplements containing calcium, milk, and other dietary supplements taken in large amounts as recommended by manufacturers.
2) Caused by excessive calcium ingestion from dietary supplements, milk, and other foods.
3) Caused by kidney failure or disease, which causes the body to lose calcium in urine after urination.
4) Caused by the formation of excess oxalate crystals in kidneys following excessive consumption of multivitamin supplements containing calcium and low water intake.
The answer:
2)Caused by excessive calcium ingestion from dietary supplements, milk, and other foods.
Hypercalcemia is a medical condition caused by high calcium levels in the blood due to increased absorption of ingested sources like dietary supplements that contain high levels of supplemental calcium, milk, and other foods.
Bone density is also affected by this condition. Increased calcium levels can be caused by increased absorption due to high vitamin D intake, decreased nutrient excretion (kidney or thyroid failure, etc.), or an underlying cause like cancer sending signals to bones telling it to increase calcium production.
The answer:
3) Caused by the formation of excess oxalate crystals in kidneys following excessive consumption of multivitamin supplements containing calcium and low water intake.
Excessive ingestion of multivitamins containing calcium and low water intake can lead to the formation of enough oxalate crystals in kidneys for them to be visible through microscopes. This condition is known as Calcium-Oxalate Nephropathy. It can lead to loss of kidney function due to mineral imbalance in the body.
The answer:
4) This is caused by kidney failure or disease, which causes the body to lose calcium in urine after urination.
Kidney failure can be caused by diseases like renal insufficiency, chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, etc., leading to excess calcium lost in urine after frequent urination. The condition is known as Fanconi Syndrome and leads to low calcium levels in the blood (known as hypocalcemia).
This condition may also cause urinary stones formed from calcium oxalate crystals if there is insufficient water intake along with high consumption of dietary supplements containing calcium.
This is a test to measure kidney function:
X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan
urine test, blood tests
X-ray, Urinalysis
X-ray, ultrasound, urine test.
The answer: 2)Urinalysis.
This question can be asked to find out the level of kidney function in a patient suffering from Calcium Oxalate Nephropathy. The condition is caused by excessive dietary supplements or food items containing calcium and low water intake.
The x-ray and ultrasound are used to find the presence of stones in the kidneys. Still, their levels cannot show kidney function, unlike Urinalysis, which can measure how much calcium has been excreted due to its high concentration when there is Calcium Oxalate Nephropathy (low kidney function).